Concepts and elements of instruction, teaching and learning; Instructional models: behaviorist, cognitive, social psychological, and humanistic; the constructivistic model; Research on instruction: the effectiveness model (process-product); Research on planning for instruction, instruction as decision making and adapting instruction to individual differences; Research on effectiveness of: teaching by inquiry, teaching by experience, project-based learning, problem solving, learning by cases and case history, simulations, role playing and team teaching; factors influencing instructional productivity: content, learners’ and teacher’s characteristic; learning environment; Evaluation of instruction.